Enhancing the clinical value of single-phase computed tomography angiography in the assessment of collateral circulation in acute ischemic stroke: A narrative review.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) condition assessment and clinical prognosis are significantly influenced by the compensatory state of cerebral collateral circulation. A standard clinical test known as single-phase computed tomography angiography (sCTA) is useful for quickly and accurately assessing the creation or opening of cerebral collateral circulation, which is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of AIS. To improve the clinical application of sCTA in the clinical assessment of collateral circulation, we examine the present use of sCTA in AIS in this work.

Identifying the essential influencing factors of landslide susceptibility models based on hybrid-optimized machine learning with different grid resolutions: a case of Sino-Pakistani Karakorum Highway.

This study attempts to explore the essential influencing factors of landslides and explores the effects of different datasets on landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) at six grid resolutions (i.e., 10 m, 30 m, 300 m, 1000 m, 2000 m, and 3000 m). Firstly, the geospatial dataset of 21 influencing factors was extracted from 1847 historical landslide InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) points, which were taken as a sample for the Sino-Pakistani Karakorum Highway. Secondly, Spearman correlation coefficient (SCC), random forest feature selection (RFFS), and their combinations (SCC-RFFS) were selected at different grid resolutions to identify the essential influencing factors from the 21 original factors. A random division into training set (70%) and test set (30%) was performed. Then, the LSM models for the original influencing factors and the selected influencing factors were constructed separately using machine learning models. Finally, the reasonableness of the essential influencing factors was verified by comparing the accuracy of the models under different grid resolutions. The results show that (1) relief degree of land surface (RDLS), SPI, and rainfall have significant effects on landslide occurrence. (2) The primary elements (i.e., RDLS, slop, rainfall) are less affected by the grid resolution, while the secondary elements (TWI) are more affected by the grid resolution. (3) At 30 m, the SCC-RFFS-RF model can get the highest landslide susceptibility model accuracy. The prediction will also provide scientific guidance for the allocation of land resources on a regional and global scale, and minimize the human and economic costs along the highway, while ensuring safe highway operations.

High Morphine Use Disorder Susceptibility Is Predicted by Impaired Learning Ability in Mice.

An obvious reason for substance uses disorders (SUDs) is drug craving and seeking behavior induced by conditioned context, which is an abnormal solid context memory. The relationship between susceptibility to SUD and learning ability remains unclear in humans and animal models. In this study, we found that susceptibility to morphine use disorder (MUD) was negatively correlated with learning ability in conditioned place preference (CPP) in C57 mice. By using behavioral tests, we identified the FVB mouse as learning impaired. In addition, we discovered that learning-relevant proteins, such as the glutamate receptor subunits GluA1, NR1, and NR2A, were decreased in FVB mice. Finally, we assessed the context learning ability of FVB mice using the CPP test and priming. We found that FVB mice had lower learning performance with respect to normal memory but higher performance of morphine-reinstatement memory. Compared to C57 mice, FVB mice are highly sensitive to MUDs. Our results suggest that SUD susceptibility is predicted by impaired learning ability in mice; therefore, learning ability can play a simple and practical role in identifying high-risk SUD groups.

Early memory impairment is accompanied by changes in GluA1/p-GluA1 in APP/PS1 mice.

AIMS: Exploring the neurobiological mechanisms of early AD damage Background: The early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a very important impact on the prognosis of AD. However, the early symptoms of AD are not obvious and difficult to diagnose. Existing studies have rarely explored the mechanism of early AD. AMPARs are early important learning memory-related receptors. However, it is not clear how the expression levels of AMPARs change in early AD. OBJECTIVE: We explored learning memory abilities and AMPAR expression changes in APP/PS1 mice at 4 months, 8 months, and 12 months. METHOD: We used the classic Morris water maze to explore the learning and memory impairment of APP/PS1 mice and used western blotting to explore the changes in AMPARs in APP/PS1 mice. RESULT: We found that memory impairment occurred in APP/PS1 mice as early as 4 months of age, and the impairment of learning and memory gradually became serious with age. The changes in GluA1 and p-GluA1 were most pronounced in the early stages of AD in APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION: Our study found that memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice could be detected as early as 4 months of age, and this early injury may be related to GluA1.

Hsp90 inhibition aggravates adriamycin-induced podocyte injury through intrinsic apoptosis pathway.

Podocyte injury leads to impaired filtration barrier function of the kidney that underlies the pathophysiology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), the most common NS occurring in children. The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is involved in the regulation of apoptosis in a variety of cell types, however, little is known about its role in podocytes and whether it associated with NS. Here, we show that Hsp90 is upregulated in glomeruli podocytes from mice with adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy, and that it is also upregulated in an immortalized podocyte cell line treated with ADR in vitro, together suggesting an association of Hsp90 upregulation in podocytes with NS pathogenesis. Functionally, Hsp90 inhibition with PU-H71 aggravates ADR-induced podocyte apoptosis and worsens the impairment of filtration barrier function. Mechanistically, Hsp90 inhibition with PU-H71 enhances the activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway, and moreover, blockade of podocyte apoptosis with zVAD-fmk (aVAD), a pan-caspase inhibitor, abrogates effects of Hsp90 inhibition on filtration barrier function of ADR-treated podocytes, thus demonstrating that Hsp90 inhibition aggravates ADR-induced podocyte injury through intrinsic apoptosis pathway. In sum, this study reveals a detrimental role of Hsp90 inhibition in podocyte injury, which may offer it as a potential therapeutic target in NS therapy.

HDAC5 promotes Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced inflammation in macrophages through NF-κB activation.

Excessive inflammation is fundamental in the pathophysiology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP)-induced respiratory infection in children. Histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) is involved in the regulation of inflammation, however, whether it associates with immunity against MP infection is not determined. We report here that HDAC5 expression is decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) children as well as in MP-infected peritoneal and THP-1 macrophages. Functionally, HDAC5 overexpression promotes and its depletion inhibits MP-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in THP-1 macrophages. Mechanistically, HDAC5 modulates NF-κB activation in MP-infected THP-1 macrophages, and moreover, inhibition of NF-κB activity via pharmacological inhibitor Bay 11-7082 attenuates the promotive effect of HDAC5 on MP-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in THP-1 macrophages, hence suggesting that HDAC5 promotes MP-induced inflammatory response in macrophages through NF-κB activation. Together, this study reveals a novel function of HDAC5 in promoting MP-induced inflammation and implies the possible clinical significance in controlling inflammation that underlies MMP pathophysiology.

Blind UAV Images Deblurring Based on Discriminative Networks.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become an important technology for acquiring high-resolution remote sensing images. Because most space optical imaging systems of UAVs work in environments affected by vibrations, the optical axis motion and image plane jitter caused by these vibrations easily result in blurring of UAV images. In the paper; we propose an advanced UAV image deblurring method based on a discriminative model comprising a classifier for blurred and sharp UAV images which is embedded into the maximum a posteriori framework as a regularization term that constantly optimizes ill-posed problem of blind image deblurring to obtain sharper UAV images. Compared with other methods, the results show that in image deblurring experiments using both simulated and real UAV images the proposed method delivers sharper images of various ground objects.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 +49A/G polymorphisms contribute to the risk of type 1 diabetes in children: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a heritable disease associated with multiple genetic variants. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the correlation between cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4(CTLA-4) +49A/G polymorphisms and the risk of T1D in children. The random effects model was used to estimate the related odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to determine whether the currently available evidence was sufficient and conclusive. Our results indicated that CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms significantly increased the risk of childhood T1D in an allelic model (G vs. A: OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.19-1.48; I2=44.0% and P=0.001for heterogeneity) and a codominant model (GG vs. AA: OR=1.75, 95%CI=1.37-2.24; I2=57.5% and P=0.001for heterogeneity; GA vs. AA: OR=1.26, 95%CI=1.09-1.46; I2=40.4% and P=0.036for heterogeneity). Subgroup analysis results indicated that the ORs were higher in the Asian population (ORallelic model=1.60, ORGG vs. AA=2.46 and ORGA vs. AA=1.58) than the Caucasian population (ORallelic model==1.24, ORGG vs. AA=1.55 and ORGA vs. AA=1.19). The TSA results indicated that the evidence of the effect was sufficient. In conclusion, CTLA4 +49A/G polymorphisms increased the risk of T1D in children, and CTLA4 +49A/G can be considered to be a genetic marker for T1D in children.

[Root exudates of potassium-enrichment genotype grain amaranth and their activation on soil mineral potassium].

With solution culture experiment, this paper studied the effects of two potassium supply levels on the root exudates content and its dynamics of two grain amaranth genotypes (potassium-enrichment K12 and ordinary M9), and the activation of root exudates on soil mineral potassium. The results showed that the root exudation rates of soluble sugar, amino acids and organic acids of these two genotypes were decreased with increasing potassium supply level, which was higher in K12 than in M9. The root exudation capability of the two genotypes was similar under normal potassium supply level, while that of K12 was significant higher than M9 under low potassium supply level. Organic acid was the main root exudate under two potassium supply levels, which was several decuples or hundreds times as much as that of soluble sugar and amino acids. Compared with those at the fortieth day, the exudation rates of soluble sugar, amino acids and organic acids at the fiftieth day decreased rapidly in M9, while decreased slowly in K12. At three growth phases, the contents of soluble sugar, amino acid and organic acid were higher in the root exudate of K12 than in that of M9, and the difference of the two genotypes became significant with time extended. The content of organic acid in root exudate was accounted for >93% in the two genotypes at three growth phases. Soil available potassium content after treated by the root exudates of grain amaranth was higher than that treated by pure water. Under low potassium stress, the content of soil available potassium treated by the root exudates of K12 was higher than that treated by those of M9.

Effect of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil on rice growth.

A pot experiment was conducted to appraise the hazards of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil at six levels (0, 0.050, 0.089, 0.158, 0.281, and 0.500 mg kg(-1)) to the growth of four rice varieties (Xiushui 63, Eryou 810, Liangyoupeijiu, and Zhenong 952). The morphological characteristics of rice roots like root number, total length, surface area of rice roots, and rice biomass were determined. The results showed that the bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil impacted the growth of rice. Root number, total length of roots, surface area of roots, and biomass were restrained by bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil. The inhibition rate of root growth increased from 69.46-81.32% to 85.18-95.97% with the increasing of levels of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl from 0.05 mg kg(-1) to 0.50 mg kg(-1). The number of rice roots could be taken as a sensitive index to screen the rice varieties endurable to bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil and to predict the potential hazards of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil to rice. The level of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl in soil causing the root numbers decreased by 50% (IC50) followed the order of Xiushui 63 < Eryou 810 < Liangyoupeijiu < Zhenong 952.